Jóvenes Israelíes desaparecidos desatan reacción de su gobierno: intervención en Gaza

Israel searches for 'kidnapped' students
Massive search under way for three teenagers who disappeared from Kfar Etzion, an illegal West Bank settlement.
Gregg Carlstrom Last updated: 13 Jun 2014 17:31
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Israeli soldiers scour the countryside around the city of Hebron after the youths vanished [Reuters]

The Israeli army is searching for three Jewish teenagers who disappeared while returning home from their religious school in the occupied West Bank, in what the military is calling a suspected kidnapping, officials have said.

The students, aged 16 to 19, disappeared on Thursday night around 10pm local time after leaving Kfar Etzion, an illegal settlement between Jerusalem and Hebron.

Two of them are students at a yeshiva, a Jewish seminary, in the settlement.

An army spokesman said the trio may have tried to hitchhike to their homes to Modi’in, a city in central Israel, before they disappeared.

"We are concentrating a large intelligence effort on trying to locate the missing," said Brigadier General Moti Almoz. Soldiers also found a burned-out car in the area on Friday, but it is unclear whether the two are related.

The army has set up checkpoints and deployed additional troops in the area, and there were reports of raids on Palestinian homes in villages around Hebron.

Stories embargoed

Israeli media were largely barred from covering the story until late Friday afternoon because of a military gag order.

The Israeli newspaper Haaretz briefly reported a shootout near Hebron between Israeli soldiers and unknown gunmen, but removed the story later.

Palestinian media, and the Israeli channel i24, also reported an operation to free the students in which five Palestinians were killed.

The army denied those stories, and they too were eventually taken down.

"These rumors have no basis," Almoz said.

Meanwhile Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a statement that Israel "holds the Palestinian Authority responsible for the safety of the missing [students]."

Major General Adnan al-Damiri, the spokesman for the Palestinian security services, dismissed the statement as a "joke," saying that Israel had not asked the PA for help in the search.

"They were in an area under the occupation's control, according to the Oslo Accords, and not in areas under the control of the Palestinian Authority,” Damiri told the Quds Network, a Palestinian news website.

Almoz said on Friday night that the army was starting to coordinate with the PA security forces.
Source:
Al Jazeera

Evidence growing that Hamas used residential areas
Smoke and fire from an Israeli airstrike rise over Gaza City July 22, 2014, as Israel pummels a wide range of locations along the Gaza coast. Two weeks after the end of the Gaza war, there is growing evidence that Hamas militants used residential areas as cover for launching rockets at Israel, at least at times. But Hamas says that a heavy-handed Israeli response is to blame for the deaths of hundreds of Palestinian civilians. AP Photo: Hatem Moussa
Smoke and fire from an Israeli airstrike rise over Gaza City July 22, 2014, as Israel pummels a wide range of locations along the Gaza coast. Two weeks after the end of the Gaza war, there is growing evidence that Hamas militants used residential areas as cover for launching rockets at Israel, at least at times. But Hamas says that a heavy-handed Israeli response is to blame for the deaths of hundreds of Palestinian civilians.
AP 7 hr ago By HAMZA HENDAWI of Associated Press

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GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) — Two weeks after the end of the Gaza war, there is growing evidence that Hamas militants used residential areas as cover for launching rockets at Israel, at least at times. Even Hamas now admits "mistakes" were made.

But Hamas says it had little choice in Gaza's crowded urban landscape, took safeguards to keep people away from the fighting, and that a heavy-handed Israeli response is to blame for the deaths of hundreds of Palestinian civilians.

"Gaza, from Beit Hanoun in the north to Rafah in the south, is one uninterrupted urban chain that Israel has turned into a war zone," said Ghazi Hamad, a senior Hamas official in Gaza.

Increasingly, the discussion is not about whether the Hamas rockets were fired from civilian areas, but exactly how close they were to the actual buildings.

"The Israelis kept saying rockets were fired from schools or hospitals when in fact they were fired 200 or 300 meters (yards) away. Still, there were some mistakes made and they were quickly dealt with," Hamad told The Associated Press, offering the first acknowledgment by a Hamas official that, in some cases, militants fired rockets from or near residential areas or civilian facilities.

The questions lie at the heart of a brewing international legal confrontation: Did Hamas deliberately and systematically fire rockets at Israel from homes, hospitals and schools in the hope that Israel would be deterred from retaliating, as Israel claims? Or did Israel use force excessively, resulting in deaths among people not involved in combat operations?

The answers could help determine whether Israel — or Hamas — or both are ultimately accused of violating the international laws of war in a conflict that caused tremendous damage.

According to Palestinian figures, nearly 2,200 Palestinians were killed — roughly three quarters of them civilians and including more than 500 children — and 11,000 were wounded. The war also left some 100,000 homeless. Seventy-two people were killed on the Israeli side, including six civilians.

Ahead of a U.N. investigation, the Israeli military has released reams of evidence, including satellite photos and aerial footage, to support its claims that it acted responsibly and attempted to minimize Palestinian casualties. It asserts that Hamas made no effort to disguise its attempt to maximize Israeli civilian casualties.

Throughout the war, the Israeli air force compiled dozens of video clips showing alleged wrongdoing by Hamas, an Islamic militant group sworn to Israel's destruction.

These videos, many of them posted on YouTube, appear to show rockets flying out of residential neighborhoods, cemeteries, schoolyards and mosque courtyards. There are also images of weapons caches purportedly uncovered inside mosques, and tunnels allegedly used by militants to scurry between homes, mosques and buildings.

"Hamas' excuses are outrageous, misleading and contrary to the evidence supplied by the IDF (Israeli Defense Forces) and the reality documented by international journalists on the ground in Gaza," said Lt. Col. Peter Lerner, an Israeli military spokesman.

This combination of undated photos provided by the Israel Defense Forces shows, at left, a satellite image of the Gaza City neighborhood of Sheikh Radwan, and at right, the same image overlaid with the IDF's analysis of the image. The army says the image shows four rocket launch sites sitting next to a cluster of schools and nearby residences.AP Photo: Israel Defense Forces

This combination of undated photos provided by the Israel Defense Forces shows, at left, a satellite image of the Gaza City neighborhood of Sheikh Radwan, and at right, the same image overlaid with the IDF's analysis of the image. The army says the image shows four rocket launch sites sitting next to a cluster of schools and nearby residences.

But a black-and-white satellite image released by the Israeli military illustrates the difficulties in proving the point. The army says the image, taken of the Gaza City neighborhood of Sheikh Radwan, shows four rocket launch sites sitting next to a cluster of schools and a nearby residential neighborhood.

Such images, it says, are evidence that Hamas used built-up areas for cover — and carelessly exposed civilians to danger in Israeli retaliatory strikes. However, the image itself is grainy and shows no clear signs of rocket activity, though rocket launchers are often hidden underground. The army refused to say how it had made its conclusions.

A visit to the area this week found three separate military sites — possibly training grounds — slightly larger than football fields located close to the state schools.

The sites are mostly concealed from street view by barriers made of corrugated iron, but one bore the sign of Hamas' military wing, al-Qassam Brigades, while another bore the sign of the Islamic Jihad, a militant group allied with Hamas. The bases were deserted. Visible from the outside were human cutout figures and what appeared to be exercise hurdles.

There were no overt signs of rocket launchers or craters in the ground outside, though dirt appeared to have been disturbed either by some sort of blast or the work of heavy military-type trucks. There were pieces of mangled concrete scattered on the ground. The school buildings appeared untouched.

Hamas tightly restricts access to such facilities, and it was impossible for photographers to enter the sites. Israel confirmed the area was targeted in airstrikes.

Another location identified by the Israeli military as a rocket-launching site is in northern Gaza around the newly built Indonesian hospital. Immediately to the north of the two-story hospital and across the road to the west are two Hamas military facilities. Both stand in close proximity to residential homes. The hospital stands intact, while nothing is visible from inside the bases.

Hamad, the Hamas official, argued that many of the buildings shown in Israeli videos were either a safe distance from the rocket launchers or that the buildings had been kept vacant during the fighting.

The ground in Sheikh Radwan, for instance, lies some 150 meters (yards) away from the neighborhood, and the schools were empty for summer vacation.

During 50 days of fighting, many observers witnessed rocket launches from what appeared to be urban areas. One piece of video footage distributed by the AP, for instance, captured a launch in downtown Gaza City that took place in a lot next to a mosque and an office of the Hamas prime minister. Both buildings were badly damaged in subsequent Israeli airstrikes.

There was other evidence of Hamas having used civilian facilities: Early in the conflict, the U.N. agency that cares for Palestinian refugees announced that it discovered weapons stored in its schools as they stood empty during the summer.

"I don't think there's any doubt urban areas were used to launch rockets from in the Gaza Strip," said Bill Van Esveld, a senior researcher at Human Rights Watch. "What needs to be determined is how close to a populated building or a civilian area were those rocket launches."

Men evacuate a survivor of an Israeli airstrike that hit the Al Ghoul family building in Rafah, southern Gaza Strip, killing and wounding many members of the family, Aug. 3, 2014. During the Gaza war in July and August, Israel frequently targeted dense urban areas — saying they had been used for cover. A senior Hamas official has acknowledged that, in some cases, militants fired rockets from or near residential areas or civilian facilities.AP Photo: Eyad Baba

Men evacuate a survivor of an Israeli airstrike that hit the Al Ghoul family building in Rafah, southern Gaza Strip, killing and wounding many members of the family, Aug. 3, 2014. During the Gaza war in July and August, Israel frequently targeted dense urban areas — saying they had been used for cover. A senior Hamas official has acknowledged that, in some cases, militants fired rockets from or near residential areas or civilian facilities.

The issue may never be conclusively settled as both sides voice competing narratives over their conduct in the deadliest and most ruinous of the three wars since Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007.

"Yes, Hamas and others may have used civilians as human shields, but was that consistent and widespread?" said Sami Abdel-Shafi, a Palestinian-American who represents the Carter Center in Gaza. "The question is whether Israel's response was proportionate."

The war erupted on July 8 when Israel launched a massive aerial bombardment of Gaza in response to weeks of heavy rocket fire by Hamas and other Gaza-based militant groups — part of an escalation that began with the killing by a Hamas cell of three Israeli teens in the West Bank.

The Israeli army says Hamas fired almost 4,000 rockets at Israel, including 600 from close to schools, mosques and other civilian facilities, and scores of mortar shells. Israel carried out some 5,000 airstrikes, in addition to using powerful artillery and gunship fire.

Frequently, Israeli arms struck hospitals, schools, homes, mosques, factories and office towers. Israel said the buildings had been used for cover by militant fighters, and that whenever possible, it provided warning to civilians that strikes on their buildings were coming.

Israel disputes the makeup of the Palestinian casualty figures, saying that nearly half the dead were militants.

Nevertheless, the death toll and number of civilian deaths have led to harsh condemnations of Israel and raised questions on the proportionality of Israel's response. In an apparent attempt to head off international investigations, the Israeli military said Wednesday it has opened criminal investigations into two high-profile cases involving Palestinian civilian casualties.

Hamas also has been sharply criticized for launching rockets aimed at Israeli cities and towns. Israel says its own civilian death toll would have been much higher had it not been for its rocket defenses.

The U.N. Human Rights Council has appointed a commission to look into the latest fighting. Its report is expected no sooner than March.

___

Federman reported from Jerusalem.

Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUrDAEgisXM — an Israeli military video showing rocket launches from civilian areas.
http://news.msn.com/in-depth/evidence-growing-that-hamas-used-residential-areas

Middle East
Gaza plan 'relieves Israel of responsibility'
Complicated mechanisms could risk prolonging the Gaza reconstruction efforts, critics argue.
Gregg Carlstrom and Dalia Hatuqa Last updated: 19 Oct 2014 12:45
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There is widespread concern that, after three devastating wars any effort to rebuild Gaza will eventually be lost in a renewed military offensive.[EPA]

Gaza City - A massive UN-supervised project to rebuild Gaza got underway earlier last week, but officials in Gaza and Ramallah are already doubtful that it will bring immediate aid to residents of the battered strip. The reconstruction plan calls for a highly intricate monitoring system, with restrictive measures on the import and distribution of building materials.

This comes at the behest of the Israelis, who have long barred the entry of basic construction materials - including cement, metal pipes and steel - into Gaza, insisting that they are 'dual use' items that Hamas could use to build underground tunnels for military purposes.

A new monitoring system will place security personnel and video cameras at distribution points for construction materials, and will vet both suppliers and buyers. And a central database, linked to the Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs, but available to Israeli intelligence agencies, will track material entering the Gaza Strip.

The details of this deal were revealed in a document named the Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism, which outlined a UN-brokered agreement between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA).
Palestinian officials have said that Gaza will need almost $7.8bn in aid to rebuild after the recent Israeli offensive, which lasted 51 days and left more than 2,000 Palestinians dead.

OPINION: Gaza donors: Will they get it right this time?

On Sunday October 12, donors pledged $5.4bn to rebuild the strip, but only $2.7bn is slated for reconstruction; the rest will support the PA's budget over the next three years.

"It's not enough. Gaza has been destroyed many times since 2000, starting with the second Intifada," said Faisal Abu Shahleh, a senior Fatah member in Gaza. "Israel destroyed all of the infrastructure."

Throughout the war, more than 60,000 houses were destroyed or damaged, forcing one in four Palestinians in Gaza to flee. Around 110,000 people remain displaced.

Approximately 1,000 industrial enterprises, including factories, were also affected. Close to 2.5 million tons of rubble will need to be removed, according to a 72-page Gaza reconstruction plan presented to donors in Cairo.
The Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism includes an Israeli-Palestinian-UN "high-level steering team" to oversee monitoring.
A spokesman for Israel's foreign ministry said the mechanism was designed to ensure reconstruction in Gaza is done without allowing Hamas to rebuild its military capabilities and "divert funds and products to violence." "The process may well be slow, that remains to be seen - just today the first shipment of construction material entered the Gaza Strip," Paul Hirschson said. "At this point we are hopeful that the mechanism as defined can be implemented and we will start to see better days."

Complicated mechanisms are being created to manoeuvre around the problem, not address it. This means more money is wasted and Palestinians' dependency status is entrenched.

Ala Tartir, programme director of al-Shabaka, a Palestinian Policy Network

Israeli authorities are, however, worried about the likelihood of Hamas reneging on the agreement. "Given the poor record that Hamas has, Israel is not too confident in their good intentions," Hirschson added.

In Gaza, meanwhile, Hamas officials worry that Israel is the one lacking good intentions. The arrangement identifies "Israel's security concerns" as a priority, giving it the final say on big projects: Only pre-vetted vendors will be able to distribute building materials to Palestinian government - approved contractors.

Although the war brought renewed popular support for Hamas, the movement fears that prolonged devastation will start to eat away at its popularity. In neighbourhoods like Shuja'iya, which suffered some of the worst bombardment, there is already growing anger and frustration toward the group.
Madi Hassanein, 35, lost most of his three-story house to an Israeli airstrike. He now lives with his two wives and six children in the single surviving room, beneath several tons of rubble which engineers told him could collapse at any time. "I've lost hope," he said. "I place full responsibility on Hamas… what did they accomplish by causing this war? Look at how we are living. What kind of future is this for my children?"
Sami Abu Zuhri, the Hamas spokesman, tried to distance the group from the reconstruction efforts, suggesting that Hamas would blame the PA if things did not move swiftly. "We are not part of the rebuilding," he said. "The agreement is between the PA and the UN, there are many issues with this deal. We're not going to destroy it, because we want to rebuild immediately… but the PA is responsible for this."

The anger, however, is not limited to Hamas: As the reconstruction lags, many Palestinians in Gaza are growing equally frustrated with its rival Fatah, and even with international organisations like the UN.

Last April, Hamas and Fatah agreed to form a national reconciliation government, in an effort to end their seven-year schism. So far there has been little unity, though: the two factions are arguing over issues such as who should pay public servants in Gaza, a worsening crisis that has left 42,000 people without salaries since April.

Their bickering has already politicised the reconstruction effort. "The people aren't happy, and Hamas is responsible for that, which is why [the group has] tried to play it smart and say, 'We're not responsible,'" Abu Shahleh said. "To be honest, we're not comfortable with these arrangements either … and if it goes badly, everyone will blame the [consensus] government."

RELATED: PA struggles to gain foothold in Gaza

Critics say that the convoluted process risks prolonging reconstruction efforts. "Complicated mechanisms are being created to manoeuvre around the problem, not address it," said Ala Tartir, the programme director of Al Shabaka, the Palestinian Policy Network. "This means more money is wasted and Palestinians' dependency status is entrenched."

Oxfam has already warned that under current restrictions and the rate of imports, it could take more than 50 years to build the infrastructure the people of Gaza need. "Any mechanism needs to be much more than slightly better than what's currently in place," said Alun McDonald, the relief group's media coordinator in Jerusalem. "It will take more than a few truckloads [entering Gaza] every day… considering the enormity of the needs."
UN chief tours Gaza to assess war damage

There is also widespread concern that, after three devastating wars in the past six years, any effort to rebuild Gaza will eventually be lost in a renewed military offensive. "You can't keep sticking a plaster on Gaza, which is what we are doing with aid coming in," McDonald said. "We need a long-term solution, which means the end of the blockade."

Equally controversial is Hamas' and Israel's absence from the Cairo conference where details of the post-war construction efforts were discussed.
"They are trying to manoeuvre around Hamas, even though, like it or not, it's the governing body in Gaza," Tartir said. "They've also relieved Israel of its responsibilities and gave it another incentive to do what it wants, while the donors paid for it."

Gregg Carlstrom reported from Gaza City and Dalia Hatuqa from Ramallah.

UN announces Gaza war inquiry
Ban Ki-moon says attacks on UN facilities during Israel's assault on Gaza Strip during July-August will be investigated.
Last updated: 21 Oct 2014 20:07
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More than 2,100 Palestinians, mostly civilians, were killed in the 50-day conflict [EPA]

The UN says it will begin investigating attacks on its facilities during Israel's recent war against Hamas in Gaza, that killed more than 2,100 Palestinians.

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said on Tuesday that the world body was investigating a deadly strike near one of its schools in the Gaza Strip and the alleged use of UN sites to store weapons.

"I am planning to move forward with an independent board of inquiry to look into the most serious cases, as well as instances in which weaponry was found on UN premises," Ban said at a monthly meeting of the UN Security Council.
Inside Story: Has Israel committed war crimes in Gaza?

More than 2,100 Palestinians, most of them civilians, were killed during 50 days of fighting in July-August between Israel and Palestinian groups; while 108,000 people remain homeless.

Ban's spokesman Stephane Dujarric said the inquiry was standard procedure whenever UN facilities are targeted.

In one incident, more than a dozen people were killed at a UN school during Israeli shelling. Israel has cited Hamas' use of UN facilities to store rockets as a reason for targeting them.

The UN Human Rights Council had previously set up a Commission of Inquiry to investigate alleged violations of humanitarian and human rights laws during the conflict.

Israel's military also last month opened five criminal investigations into its Gaza war operations, including attacks that killed four Palestinian children on a beach and 17 people at a UN school.

An estimated 20,000 homes were badly damaged or destroyed in the fighting and Gaza's power station and other major infrastructure were hit, with rebuilding expected to take years.

Americas
US general backs Israel on Gaza casualties
Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff says Israel went to "extraordinary lengths" to limit civilian deaths during Gaza war.
Last updated: 06 Nov 2014 22:48
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Amnesty International says Israel displayed "callous indifference" while attacking civilian targets [AFP]

The highest-ranking US military officer has said that Israel went to "extraordinary lengths" to limit civilian casualties in the recent war in Gaza that killed hundreds of Palestinians, mostly civilians.

Army General Martin Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, acknowledged recent reports criticising civilian deaths during the 50-day Gaza war this year but told an audience in New York on Thursday he thought the Israel Defence Forces "did what they could" to avoid civilian casualties.

Israel was criticised for civilian deaths during the conflict, including by the White House. More than 2,100 Palestinians were killed during the fighting, most of them civilians and many of them children, according to UN and Palestinian figures.

A Human Rights Watch report in September accused Israel of committing war crimes by attacking three UN-run schools in the enclave, while Amnesty International said in a report released on Wednesday that Israel showed "callous indifference" to the carnage caused by attacks on civilian targets.

Dempsey was asked about the ethical implications of Israel's handling of the Gaza war, during an appearance in New York at the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs.

"I actually do think that Israel went to extraordinary lengths to limit collateral damage and civilian casualties," Reuters news agency reported Dempsey as telling the gathering.

"In this kind of conflict, where you are held to a standard that your enemy is not held to, you're going to be criticised for civilian casualties," he added.

Dempsey said Hamas had turned Gaza into "very nearly a subterranean society" with tunneling throughout the coastal enclave.

"That caused the IDF some significant challenges. But they did some extraordinary things to try and limit civilian casualties, to include ... making it known that they were going to destroy a particular structure," Dempsey said.

The general said civilian casualties during the conflict were "tragic, but I think the IDF did what they could" to avoid them.

Israel inicia ocho nuevas pesquisas penales sobre la ofensiva contra Gaza
Las investigaciones incluyen casos como la muerte de 27 miembros de la misma familia
Carmen Rengel Jerusalén 8 DIC 2014 - 20:55 CET
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Una niña palestina lee un libro el pasado sábado en el tejado de su casa destruida en la ofensiva de Israel sobre Gaza. / MOHAMMED ABED (AFP)
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La Fiscalía Militar de Israel ha ordenado ocho investigaciones sobre “incidentes excepcionales” durante la Operación Margen Protector lanzada este verano contra Gaza, que dejó 2.200 muertos. Se suman a otras cinco investigaciones penales anunciadas en septiembre. Entre los casos que ahora se estudian están la muerte de un hombre que cruzaba la calle usando una bandera blanca, la de dos conductores de ambulancias y la de 27 miembros de la familia Abu Jama (19 de ellos, menores) que cayeron en un bombardeo. Por la ofensiva sobre Gaza se han abierto ya 100 los expedientes, de los que 13 se han convertido en casos penales y otros 13 han sido archivados.

Estas indagaciones tampoco suelen acabar en condenas. Tras la Operación Plomo Fundido (2008-2009) la Comisión Goldstone amparada por la ONU, señaló 23 casos de supuestos crímenes de guerra, pero el fiscal militar cerró el 92% de ellos. El resto los zanjó con expedientes disciplinarios o arrestos inferiores a 45 días por muertes de civiles, órdenes equivocadas en el ataque o el robo de dinero en casas palestinas.

Abre CPI pesquisa por crímenes de guerra



Reuters
Amsterdam, Holanda (16 enero 2015).-

Fiscales en la Corte Penal Internacional dijeron el viernes que habían abierto una investigación preliminar sobre posibles crímenes de guerra en los territorios palestinos, el primer paso formal que podría generar cargos contra israelíes o palestinos.

El 1 de enero, un día antes de solicitar ser miembro de la CPI, el Gobierno palestino pidió a los fiscales que investigaran supuestos crímenes cometidos en su territorio desde el 13 de junio del 2014, la fecha en que Israel comenzó su última ofensiva en Gaza.

"La oficina llevará a cabo su análisis con completa independencia e imparcialidad", dijo la fiscalía en un comunicado, en el que agregó que era cuestión de "política y práctica" abrir una pesquisa preliminar al recibir un pedido semejante.

"El caso está ahora en las manos de la corte", dijo Nabil Abuznaid, quien encabeza la delegación palestina en La Haya.

"Es un tema legal ahora y tenemos fe en el sistema judicial", agregó.

Un funcionario de la Embajada israelí en La Haya, donde está basada la CPI, no pudo realizar comentarios de inmediato.

Una investigación preliminar, que podría tomar varios años, consiste en que fiscales analicen la fortaleza de la evidencia de los supuestos crímenes, si la corte tiene jurisdicción y cómo los "intereses de la Justicia" se cumplirán mejor.

Si ello resulta en una investigación completa, se podrían presentar cargos contra funcionarios tanto del lado israelí como el palestino.

Una pesquisa inicial podría resultar en cargos de crímenes de guerra contra Israel, ya sea relacionados con el último conflicto en Gaza o la ocupación de 47 años de Cisjordania y la Franja de Gaza.

También expone a los palestinos a enfrentar cargos, posiblemente por ataques con cohetes llevados a cabo por grupos militantes que operan fuera de Gaza.